Electric railway



t 9 e h S w e. e h S 3 L. JY A YW E LM RR.. AG DM T 'C WE L .E TU d. d oM 0 /N\ No. 590,881. Patented Sept. 28, 1897.

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J. W. DARLEY, Jr.

(No Model.)

ELECTRIC RAILWAY.

No. 590,881.. Patented Sept. 28

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. W. DARLEY, Jr. ELECTRIC RAILWAY.

N0.4590,881. e Patented Sept. 28,1897` '7 s4 Fla.. E-'

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JOHN w. DARLEY, JR., Or BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

ELECTRIC RAILWAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 590,881, datedSeptember 28, 1897.

Application filed January 13, 1896l Serial No. 575,286. (No model.)`Patented in France January 9, 1896, No. 253,078, and in England January17,189B,No. 1,198.

To @ZZ who/1t il; may coltccl'rz':

Beit known that I, JOHN WESLEY DARLnY, Jr., a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland,y have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Electric Railways, (for which Ihave obtained Letters Patent of France, No. 253,078, dated January 9,1896, and Letters Patent of Great Britain, No. 1,198, dated January 17,1896;) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My present invention relates to improvements inelectrio railways,andwhile adapted l with or without modifications to various forms ofelectric-railway systems it is especially intended for railway systemsof that class in which an interrupted conductingrail is used and whichhave controlling-magnets carried by the truck to operate armaturesplaced along the tra-ck, the said armatures operating switches or othermeans for completing or for breaking the circuit, or in those systemsthat have a long conducting-shoe or a plurality of such shoes carried bythe truck. The object of my invention is to cause thecontrolling-magnetto preserve the same'relation to the rails and tooperate said switches or current regulating or collecting devices withapproximately the same degree Oi' accnracy and reliability on curvedportions of the track as on straight portions of the track. The saidinvention also consists of certain novel features of construction andalso in certain novel combinations and arrangements of parts that willbe hereinafter described.

Reference is had to the drawings hereunto annexed, in which the sainepartsA are indicated by the same letters and numerals throughout theseveral views.

Figure 1 represents a plan view of a cartruck, the car-body having beenremoved and parts being broken away, and shows my improved apparatusmounted thereon. Fig.2 represents a side elevation of the device shownin Fig. 1 and shows part of the car mounted above the truck. Fig. is adiagram showing the operation of the devicewhen the car goes around acurve in the track. Fig.

4 represents a plan view of one of the pivoted armatures with the boxinclosing the saine, which box is placed in the ground near the tracks.The cover ot' the box is omitted in this ligure. Fig. 5 represents acentral vertical section through the box shown in Fig. 4, the pivotedarmature and attachments being shown in elevation, and the said tigurealso represents the operation of the magnets on the said armature. Fig.6 isa plan view, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of the system oflevers for moving the magnets transversely relative to the axis of thecar. 7 represents a side elevation of the device shown in Fig. 6,lookingin the direction of the arrow 7 in the said figure.4 Fig. S is adetail view of certain partsshown in Figs. 6 and 7, vlooking in thedirection of the arrow S in Fig. 6. Fig. 9 represents one of the magnetsand the truck for supporting the salme on the cartruck. Fig. 10 is aplan view of the box at the end of the car inclosing the reversing andstarting and stopping gear. Fig. 1l is a similar view to Figjl() withthe top of the said box broken away; and Fig. 12 is a side elevation ofthe top ot' the said box, showing the hand-lever for reversing and thatfor starting and stopping the motor. Fig. 13 is a perspective view ot'one of vthe operatinglevers. Fig. 14 is a side elevation of one of theauxiliary wheels,'sho\ving the means for cleaning snow and. dirt fromthe same.

The electric motor used for propelling the car is not shown, it beingomitted inorder to 'avoid unnecessary complexity in the drawings, almostany of the well-known types of electric-motor gearing for street-carsbeing adapted for use in connection with my invention. Moreover, l makeno claim herein to any specific motorvto be used `inconnection with myinvention. y

A represents hthe platform of the car, which is supported in theOrdinary way (not shown) upon the truck B, mounted on any desired numberof wheels B?. Spanning the sides of this truck or transversely disposedthereon are two grooved tracks B', in which run the wheels c of thecarriage C, from which the magnets D or D are suspended. This truck C,with the magnets D/, or the correspond-ing truck at the Opposite end ofthe car, With-*its magnets D, is moved automatically in a transversedirection relative to the axis of the truck whenever the car goes aroundcurves or by hand whenever it is desired to reverse the direction of thecar, as will be hereinafter described.

E represents a feed -wire approximately parallel to the traffic-rails G,between which traf- 1ic-rails or at one side thereof, if preferred, isplaced the interrupted conductingrail F. This conducting-rail F has itsvarious segments connected seriatim with the feed-conductor E by meansof the leading-in wires c and e and the pivoted double armature h. Thewire e is connected to the stud t', made of conducting material, whilethe wire c' is connected to the base I2, on which the armature II ispivoted, the other end of which wire is connected to the correspondingsection of the rail F. The pivoted armature H has symmetrical ends h andh', one of which, as h, is limited in its downward motion byinsulating-stops fi', While the other end, h', is adapted to makecontact with the conducting-stud t'. A very weak leaf-spring 'i2 may beused both to make better contact between thearmature II and itsconducting-support 12 and also to prevent any oscillations of thearmature after it has been brought into the position for either closingthe circuit or breaking the same, though the armature should preferablybe balanced and the spring would not ordinarily be required. Thefriction between the armature and its pivot is ordinarily suflicient toprevent any vibration *or motion of thearmature during the time occupiedbythe travel of the car through a distance equal to that between themagnets D and D.

The box I should preferably be made of insulating material and its coverI of non-mfagnetic material of 'sufficient strength to form part of theroad-bed. p

By an inspection of Fig. 5 it will be seen that if the magnet D' (shownin dotted lines) were to attract the end t of the armature H then theopposite endh would make contact with the conducting-stud 'L' and thecurrent would iow along the wire c 'through the lug fi into thearmature, and thence to thespring i2 and the base-piece I2, whence itwould be carried through the wire e to the rail F, or,

in other words, the circuit would be closed. If, however, the magnet D(shown in full lines in Fig. 5) attracts the end h of the armature H,then the circuit will be broken. By having these armatures II arrangedalong 'the track with connections, as shown, it will be obvious that ifthe magnets D and D, placed at vopposite ends of the rear, follow thellines l l and 2, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, then the circuit will beintermittently 'closed and broken and the collecting devices carried bythe careould take the electricity from the interrupted rail F and carry'it to the motor, as required.

It will be obvious `that to run the car in different directions wouldrequire a shifting of the magnets I) and D' from their respective paths(represented by the lines l l and 2 2) to the corresponding path of theother magnet. Also it will be obvious that the rigidity of the car-truckwill cause one end of the car to tend to project beyond thecircumference of a curve in the track, and that if these magnets beplaced near the ends of the car there would be a tendency for the magnetto be projected beyond the proper position for operating the armatureII.

Since the lengths of the segments of the interrupted rail F will dependupon the distance apart of the magnets D and D and it is desirable tomake these segments as long as possible, it therefore becomes desirableto place these magnets as far apart as possible; in other words, at ornear the ends of the car.

In order to provide for reversing the motor by moving the magnet andalso to provide an adjustment for the position of the magnets in goingaround curves, I have invented the hereinafter-described mechanism.

Since the mechanism is substantially the same at each end of the car, Iwill describe that at one end in detail and then point out anydifferences between the two ends. The link K is connected to themagnet-truck C, as by means of the ear c', and this link is `pivotallyconnected to the long arm of the lever K', pivoted by the pin k to oneof the grooved transverse rails B. The short arm ot' the lever K isconnected by the link O to the down- Wardly-proj ec'tin g part n2 of thebent lever N. This bent lever N, as shown in Fig. 13, is formed with astraight back at, bent at right angles at each end, as at n' and n3, theend n being bent downwardly, as atfng, and the arm n3 terminating in around end no, for a purp'ose to be hereinafter explained.

The arms n and n3 are perforated to form journal -bearings for the pinm0, which is mounted in the upwardly-projecting legs lmt, carried by theforked lever M, which is pivoted on the pin la. One of the arms, Wt, ofthis lever connected by the rod P to the crank Q of the auxiliaryreversing-spindle Q', while the other arm, m', is connected, by means ofthe rod P', to a similar lever M on the opposite end of the car, whichoperates in a similar way. This auxiliary 'reversing-spindle Q isoperated by hand-crank q, and is held in the proper position by thespring-operated pawl Q0. This spindle Q carries a segment q',`meshing inthe segment 0" of ythereversingspindle R, which spindle carries a drumR', having contact-points r, adapted to engage the brush R2. There aretwo of these points fr for starting or reversing the motor, and theconstruction of the reversing gear is well known inthe art and will notbe described herein. The reversinggear is preferably mounted in a boxR0, which also incloses the starting and stopping devices operated b ythe hand-'lever R3. These devices `are also Well known in the art andwill not be further described.

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It will be seen that by means of the handlever q the spindle Q' isrotated, operating the rod P, the lever M at the near end of the car,and, by means of the rod P', the corresponding lever M at the far end ofthe car. There should preferably be one of the spindles Q at either endof the car, whereby the apparatus may be operated from either end, asmay be desired. The lever M moves about the piu lt in va horizontaldirection, carrying with it the lever N, and, through the link O, movingthe lever K and the link K, whereby the magnet-carriage C is moved fromthe position indicated by the line 2 2 to that indicated by the line ll, and vice versa. The same motion of the hand-lever q also rotates thereversing-drum R', and thus shifts the direction of the current throughthe motor. Thus it will be seen that a simple motion of the hand-lever qwill reverse the operation of the circuit-closing devices and willreverse the current through the motor, whereby the car can be run inopposite directions. The system of levers is so adjusted that one of themagnet-trucks will always be on the line l l, while the other will be onthe line 2 2, or vice versa. In order to effect this arrangement of themagnet-trucks when the car goes around a curve, I provide the automaticmeans shown most clearly in Fig. 1, but details of which are shown inthe other figures.

The boxes U are pivoted so as to turn horizontally but not vertically inthe forked ends of the bent levers S2, and journaled in these boxes isthe shaft U2, carrying the wheels U'. The shaft is held againstlongitudinal play in said boxes, so that any longitudinal motion of thesaid shaft, as in going around a curve, will swing the curved levers S2about their pivots s0. These pivots 30 allow horizontal motion, but notvertical play, to the said lever about its pivot, and vertical play isgiven by the levers T, to which the said curved levers S2 are pivoted.

By placing the centers S0 S0 much closer together than the outer ends ofthe levers S2, as shown in Fig. l, the aXle U2 of the small wheels U'will be caused to remain in an approximately radial direction as thesmall wheels pass around a curve in the track. These levers T are drawnupward by the coilspring T2,connected by any convenient means to thecar-truck, as by means of the arm T3 and the brace T', as shown in Figs.l and 2. The spring T2 will thus tend to hold the Wheels U' firmly downon the track and will cause them to follow closely any curve in thetrack.

In suitable supportss and s' on each end of the car-truck are journaledrock-shafts S, each having a downwardly-projecting arm S' and ahorizontal arm S3. The arms S' are connected to the curved levers S2, sothat any horizontal movement of the said curved levers caused bythe,wheels V turning on a curve will rock the shaft S, and in order to ltwo ends of the car. At the end X of the arm S' is connected the curvedlever S2 by the connecting-rod s2. At the end Y one of the curved leversS2is extended beyond its pivot s0, as at S4, and connected by a link s4to one end of a lever S5, the other end of which is connected by a linkS5 to the arm S. Thus when the small wheels at either end of the carturn on a curve the rock-shaft S at the same end will be turned and thehorizontal arm S2 thereof will be moved in a vertical direction. Theends ofthe said arms Ss are slotted, as at s2, to receive the roundedend n0 of the bent lever N.

From the foregoing it will be seen that VVwhile the car is on a straighttrack the arm S3 Will remain in a horizontal position, Ythus practicallylocking the levers M, N, and K' together, so that when thereversing-'handle is turned they will all turn together about thepivotal pin K; but when the small wheels U turn upon a curve therock-shafts S will be turned and the arm S3 will move the arm 'n2vertically,thus turning the bent leverN about the rod m0 and through thelink O turning t-he lever K' upon the pin k, while the lever M remainsin its position. Thus the magnettruck C will be moved toward or from thecenter of the car, while the reversing-handle remains stationary ineither position. The arrangement of levers is such that the movement ofthe magnets will be in the proper relation to the transverse movement ofthe wheels U' to cause the magnet to follow the curve of the dottedlines l l and 2 2 and thus pass over their respective armatures as thecar passes around the curve.k (See Fig. 3.)

In cases where a longcurrent-collector is used which is adapted to makecontact with insulated studs in the street-surface, said studs beingconnected and disconnected from the Acircuit by a device similar to thatshown in Fig. 4, I may arrange the same as shown in Fig. l, in which W'designates the central part of the collector, which is rigidly fixed toa convenient part of the car-truck. (Not shown.) The two ends W of thecollector are pivoted to the ends of the central portion, as at w, andare provided with lateral arms w' near the said pivots. One of thecurved levers S2 at each end of the car is provided with an extension s6or S7, and these eXtensions are connected to the lateral arms w of theends W' of the collector by connectingrods formed of two pieces t; andc', insulated from each other by the insulators c2. Thus when the smallwheels turn on a curve the ends of the collector will be moved abouttheir pivots to approximately conform to the curve of theconducting-rail F.

When necessary, I provide a brush or scraper to clean snow or dirt fromthe small wheels, the same being illustrated in Fig. I3, referring towhich u designates an arm bolted to therbox V and extending over thetread 0f rock the said shafts yin the right direction the the wheel. pConnections must be slightly different at the g Having thus described myinvention, what IIO I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is-

1. The combination with the Wheels U' and the boxes U, of themagnet-carriages, and magnets carried thereby, and a system of leversconnect-in g said boxes with the magnetcarriages, whereby the positionof the said magnets is adjusted automatically whenever the car goesaround a curve, substantially as described.

2. The combination in an electric-railway system having an interruptedconductor with armatures adapted to connect the segments of saidconductor with a source of electricity, of a car-truck carrying magnetsadapted tol operate said armatures, and means controlled by the car forautomatically adjusting the position of the said magnets` in curvedportions of the track, substantially as described.

3. The combination in an electric-railway system, of an interruptedconductor running along the track, a working conductor approximatelyparallel to the interrupted conductor and connected thereto byleading-in Wires with pivoted armatures adapted to complete or break thecircuit through said leading-in wires, magnets carried by the car, andadapted to operate said armatures, and either close or open thecircuits, and means operated by the car for automatically adjusting thepositions of said magnets in curved portions of the track, substantiallyas described.

4. The combination in an electric-railway system, of an interruptedconductor, running along the track, a Working conductor approximatelyparallel to the interrupted conductor, and connected thereto byleading-in Wires with pivoted armatures adapted to make and breakcircuits through said leading-in Wires, magnets carried by the car andadapted to operate said armatures and either close or open the circuits,wheels mounted on axles having journal-bearings near the ends of thecar, hubs having a lateral play operated by said wheels, and a system oflevers operated by said hubs, and adapted to automatically adjust theposition of said magnets relative to said armatures, substantially asdescribed.

5. The combination in an electric-railway system, of an interruptedconductor running along the track, a Working conductor approximatelyparallel to the interrupted conductor, and connected thereto byleading-in wires with pivoted armatures adapted to make and breakcircuits through said leading-in Wires, magnets carried by the car andadapted t0 operate said armatures and either close or open the circuit,Wheels mounted on an axle having journal-bearings near the end o t thecar, hubs having a lateral play operated by said Wheels, and a system oflevers operated by said hubs, and adapted to automatically adjust theposition of said magnets relative t0 said armatures, the said leversbeing pivoted near the longitudinal axis of the car, and being bentoutward toward said hubs, substantially as described.

G. The combination in an electric-railway' system of an interruptedconductor running along the track, a Working cond uctor approximatelyparallel to the'in terrupted conductor, and connected thereto byleading-in wires with pivoted armatures adapted to make and breakcircuits through said leading-in wires, magnets carried by the c ar andadapted to operate said armatures and either close or open the circuit,wheels mounted on an axle having journal-bearings near the end of thecar, hubs having a lateral' play operated by said wheels, and a systemof levers operated by said hubs, and adapted to automatically adjust theposition of said magnets relative to said armature, the said leversbeing pivoted near the longitudinal axis of the car, and being bentoutward toward said hubs, and springs pressing said levers downward tohold said wheels firmly on the track, substantially as described.

7. The combination in an electric-railway system of an interruptedconductor running along the track, a Working conductor approximatelyparallel to the interrupted conductor and connected thereto byleading-in wires with pivoted armatures adapted to complete or break thecircuit through said leading-in Wires, laterally-movable Wheeled magnet-carriages mounted on the car-truck, with magnets carried by saidcarriages and adapted to operate said armature and either close or openthe circuit, and means operated by the car for automatically adjustingthe positions of said magnets in curved portions of the track,substantially as described.

8. The combination in an electric-railway system of an interruptedconductor running along the track, a Working conductor approximatelyparallel to the interrupted conductor, and connected thereto byleading-in wires with pivoted armatures adapted to make and breakcircuits through said leading-in wires, laterally-movable Wheeledmagnet-carriages mounted on the car-truck, with magnets carried by saidcarriages and adapted to operate said armatures and either close or openthe circuit, Wheels mounted on an axle having jou mal-bearings near theend of the car, hubs having a lateral play operated by said wheels and asystem ot' levers operated by said hubs and adapted to automaticallyadjust the position of said magnets relative to said armatures,substantially as described.

f). The combination in an electric-railway system, of an interruptedconductor running along the track, a Working conductor approximatelyparallel to the interrupted conductor, and connected thereto byleading-in Wires with pivoted armatures adapted to make and breakcircuits through said leading-in Wires, laterally-movable Wheeledmagnet-carriages mounted on the car-truck, With magnets carried by saidcarriages and adapted to operate said armatures and either close or openthe circuit, Wheels mounted on an axle having journal-bearings near theend of the car, hubs IOO IOS

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having a lateral play operated by said wheels and a system of leversoperated by said hubs, and adapted to automatically adjust the positionof said magnet-carriages relative to said armatures, the said leversbeing pivoted near thel longitudinal axis of the car, and being bentoutward toward said hubs, substantially as described.

10. The combination in an electric-milway system, of an interruptedconductor running along the track, a workin g conductorapproximatelyparallel to the interrupted conductor, and connected 'thereto byleading-in wires with pivoted armatures adapted to make and breakcircuits through said leading-in Wires, laterally-movable wheeledmagnet-carriages mounted on the car-truck, with magnets carried by saidcarriages and adapted to operate said armature and either close or openthe circuit, wheels mounted on an axle having journal-bearings near theend of the car, hubs having a lateral play operated by said wheels and asystem oflevers operated by said hubs and adapted to automaticallyadjust the position of said magnet-carriages relative to said armatures,the said levers being pivoted near the longitudinal axis of the car, andbeing bent outward toward said hubs, and springs pressing said leversdownward to hold said Wheels firmly on the track, substantially asdescribed.

1l. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck and laterally-movable magnets carried thereby, of means operated by hand forshifting said magnets laterally, and

.means operated by said magnets for completing the electric circuitthrough the motor on the car, substantially as described.

12. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck andlaterally-movable magnets carried thereby, of means operated by hand forsim ultaneously shiftingsaid magnets laterally, and for alteringthedirection of the current for reversing the motor, and means operated bysaid magnets for completing the electric circuit through the motor onthe car, substantially as described.

13. In an electric railway, the combination with the car truck andlaterally-movable magnets carried thereby, of means operated by hand forshifting said magnets laterally, means for locking said hand shiftingapparatus, and means operated by said magnets for completing theelectric circuit through the motor on the car, substantially asdescribed.

14. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck andlaterally-movable magnets carried thereby, of means operated by hand forsimultaneously shifting said magnets laterally, and for altering thedirection of the current for reversing the motor, means for lookin gsaid hand shifting apparatus, and, means operated by said magnets forcompleting the electric circuit through the mot-or on the'car,substantially as described.

15. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck andlaterally-movable magnets carried thereby, of means operated by hand forshiftingsaid magnets laterally, comprising a shaft Q with hand-lever forturning the same, and a system of levers operated by said shaft andconnected to the said magnets, and means operated by said magnets forcompleting the electric circuit through the motor on the car,substantially as described.

16. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck andlaterally-movable magnets carried thereby, of means operated by hand forshifting said magnets laterally, comprising a shaft Q with hand-leverfor turning the same, and a system of levers operated by said shaft andconnected to the said magnets, means for simultaneously altering thedirection of the current for reversing the m0- tor, and means operatedby said magnets for completing the electric circuit through the motor onthe car. substantially as described.

17. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck, of alaterally-movable carriage carried thereby, and magnets on the saidcarriage, means ope-rated by hand for shifting said magnet-carriagelaterally,means for locking said hand shifting apparatus, and meansoperated by said magnets for completing the electric circuit through themotor on the car, substantially as described.

1S. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck of alaterally-movable carriage with magnets carried thereby, means operatedby hand for simultaneously shifting said magnet-carriage laterally, andfor altering the direction of the current for reversing the motor, meansfor locking said hand shifting apparatus, and means operated by saidmagnets for completing the electric circuit through the motor on thecar, substantially as described.

19. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck of alaterally-movable carriage with magnets carried thereby, of meansoperated by hand for shifting said magnetcarriage laterally, comprisinga shaft'Q with hand-lever for turning the same, and a system of leversoperated by said shaft and connected to said magnet-carriage, means forlocking said hand shifting apparatus, and means operated by said magnetsfor completing the electric circuit through the motor on the car,substantially as described.

20. In an electric railway, the combination with the car-truck of alaterally-movable carriage with magnets carried thereby, of meansoperated by hand for simultaneously shifting said magnet-carriagelaterally, comprising a shaft Q with hand-lever forturning the same, anda system of levers operated by said shaft and connected to said magnetcarriage, means for altering thedirection of the current for reversingthe motor, comprising a reversing-drum with contacts carried thereby,and gearing connecting said drum with said shaft Q', means for lockingsaid hand shifting apparatus,and means operated by said magnets forcompleting the electric circuit ICO IIS

l sectional conductor and armatures operating as switches along theroadway for cutting the conductor-sections into and out of circuit, oftwo traveling electromagnets, one closing and the other opening theswitches, and means for shifting the magnets laterally, substantially asdescribed.

22. In an electric railroad provided with a sectional conductor andarmatures operating as switches along the roadway for cutting theconductor-sections into and out of circuit, of two travelingelectromagnets, one for closing and the other for opening the switchesand means for shifting the magnets in opposite directions to operate theswitches in the same order when the direction of tra-vel is reversed,substantially as described.

23. In an electric railroad provided with a sectional conductor andarmatures acting as switches along the roadway for cutting theconductor-sectious into and out of circuit, of two travelingelectromagnets, one for closing and the other for opening the switches,and a system of links and levers for shifting the magnets laterally,substantially as described.

24. In an electric railroad provided with a sectional conductor andarmatures acting as switches along the roadway, for cutting thcconductor-sections into and out of circuit, ol? two travelingelectromagnets, one for closing and the other for opening the switches,guide or pilot wheels, foreach magnet, traveling on the tracks, and asystem of links and levers between each magnet and the respectivepilotwheels for maintaining the magnets in alinement with the switcheson curves, substantially as described.

25. In an electric railroad provided with a sectional conductor andarmatures acting as switches along the roadway for cutting theconductor-sections into and out of circuit, two travelingelectromagnets, and operating mechanism for each magnet forshifting itJOHN IV. DAR-LEY, JR.

lVitnesses:

A. L. WILMERTON, M. V. BENNETT.

